In these years, the region was called "Six Bulls", a colloquial reference to "six boils", referring to the large streams that flowed through the area – Shoal Creek, Center Creek, Indian Creek, Spring River, and North Fork.īy 1835, at least three schools had been established along Shoal Creek, and a teacher named Billingsley taught near Neosho. McCord, who settled near Walbridge Spring with Levie Lee and founded the town Neosho twelve miles (19 km) to the west. Ritchie, who founded the town of Newtonia near Oliver's Prairie, and John W. McInturf built a corn mill, the first mill of any kind in the region. In 1831 he was joined by Nathaniel Turner, John Smith, Joseph Ross, Campbell Pure, Blake Wilson, Levi Lee, Carmac Ratcliffe, and George McInturf. His nearest neighbors were in Springfield, sixty miles to the east. He was the namesake for Oliver's Prairie. The first of these settlers was Lunsford Oliver, who migrated from Tennessee in 1829 and located near Shoal Creek. Starting in the late 1820s, European-American settlers of English, Scottish, German, Welsh, and Scots-Irish ancestry began moving into the area. Since 1957, it has also been identified as " the Flower Box City". It is known locally as the "Gateway to the Ozarks". Since 1888, it has been the site of the Neosho National Fish Hatchery, the oldest in the National Fish Hatchery System. Nicknamed "City of Springs", Neosho has long served as an agricultural center. It was incorporated as a municipal government in 1878. Like the Osage, European-American settlers were also attracted to the springs, and founded the community of Neosho in 1833. The Osage Nation had long occupied the territory at the time of European contact.
The springs attracted varying cultures of Native American inhabitants for thousands of years. The name "Neosho" is generally accepted to be of Native American (most likely Osage) derivation, meaning "clear, cold water", referring to local freshwater springs. Neosho lies on the western edge of the Ozarks, in the far southwest of the state. With a population of 12,590 as of the 2020 census, the city is a part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region with an estimated 176,849 (2011) residents. Neosho ( / n iː ˈ oʊ ʃ oʊ/ originally Siouan pronunciation: or Siouan pronunciation: ) is the most populous city in Newton County, Missouri, United States, which it serves as the county seat.
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